Pitillas is located in the Cidacos river valley and is bordered to the North by Biere and Ujué, to the East by Ujué, to the South by Santacara and Murillo el Cuende and to the West by Olite. It has a total area of 42.4 km² and forms part of what is called the Middle Navarre Zone

Its development probably began towards the end of the 11 th Century as a centre repopulated from Ujué. It was originally under Ujué's administrative authority, although in the 14 th Century they formed a town council with their own unique characteristics.

At this time (1348), it held the lake of Sabasan in the name of the king. Like Murillo el Fruto, from the beginning of the 16th Century, it was periodically a manor belonging to the marshals of Navarre, marquis of the Courts until 1679.

IIt was quite famous for many centuries due to the Cofradía de San Pedro Apóstol (the Brotherhood of St. Peter the Apostle). It is not known exactly when it was founded, but several inhabitants created it as an addition to the Santo Hospital de Pitillas (Holy Hospital of Pitillas), which dates back to the 18 th Century. Until the end of the 19 th Century, it played an important charitable role. It was sold in the 20 th Century and the proceeds were donated to the poor.

Among other obligations, the Brotherhood members had to work one piece of land, property of the community, in order to earn money to assist anyone who went to the hospital asking for help.